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Home > Services > Trust and Estate Planning > Sub Trusts > 2503(b) Family Care Trust

2503(b) Family Care Trust

The IRC 2503(b) / Family Care Trust (FCT) is a way for taxpayers to utilize the annual exclusion rules

The IRC 2503(b) / Family Care Trust (FCT) is a way for taxpayers for making gifts to family members while maintaining control of the gifts to the extent desired.  The FCT functions as a sub-trust of an RLT, and would have the same beneficiaries as those identified in the revocable portion of the RLT.  Certain administrative rules must be followed, however, to ensure the optimal tax benefits.  Utilizing the annual exclusion allowances, a taxpayer/donor can transfer up to $12,000 per year / per donee.  A married couple can “split gifts” and together transfer up to $24,000 per year / per donee.  This means that, under current (2007) federal tax law, a married couple with four children (for example) could transfer $96,000 each year to the FCT without incurring a gift/transfer tax liability.

If annual exclusion gifts are made to the FCT for the benefit of a minor then all income generated from the gifts must be distributed at least annually to the minor or to a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA) account for the benefit of the minor.  Unlike the rules that apply to an IRC 2503(c) Trust, the 2503(b) FCT does not have to distribute the gifted principal to the minor when the minor obtains the age of 21.  In fact, the gifted assets can remain in trust for as long as the grantor directs through the terms of the trust.

If the FCT beneficiary has obtained the age of 21 and the grantor still wishes to make “annual exclusion” gifts to the trust, then the trustee of the FCT must notify the beneficiary of his/her right to withdraw the gifted amount(s).  If the beneficiary allows his right to withdraw to lapse (usually after 30 days) then the gifted amount becomes a part of the FCT, and shall then be controlled and administered under the terms of the FCT.  The income generated from the annual exclusion gifted amount does not have to be distributed outright to the beneficiary – assuming that the beneficiary was at least 21 years old when the gift was made – but any undistributed income would be taxed to the trust.

If the grantor(s) wants to make gifts exceeding the annual exclusion amount and/or not have the annual exclusion gifts subject to withdrawal by the beneficiary(s) of the FCT, then to the extent of the value of the gift(s) – not offset by the exclusion – a gift tax liability would occur.  However, gift tax liabilities can be offset by taking a portion of the federal Gift Tax Credit (having an exemption equivalent amount of $1,000,000) against the gift tax.

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